Diabetes mellitus (or diabetes) is a chronic, lifelong condition that affects your body's ability to use the energy found in food. There are three major types of diabetes: type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, and gestational diabetes
1. DM Type 1
2. DM Type 2
Signs and symptoms:
DM Parameters:
DM complications:
Treatment:
A periodic test called the A1C blood test estimates glucose levels in your blood over the previous three months. It's used to help identify overall glucose level control and the risk of complications from diabetes, including organ damage.
Having type 1 diabetes does require significant lifestyle changes that include:
- Frequent testing of your blood sugar levels
- Careful meal planning
- Daily exercise
- Taking insulin and other medications as needed
People with type 1 diabetes can lead long, active lives if they carefully monitor their glucose, make the needed lifestyle changes, and adhere to the treatment plan
Having type 2 diabetes:
Increasingly, weight loss surgery is being used as a tool to manage type 2 diabetes. That's because controlling diabetes and managing the related health risks is directly related to losing weight.
Diabetes treatment can include many elements, including traditional medications, alternative medicine, and natural remedies.
Today, metformin is the first drug doctors usually recommend for people with type 2 diabetes who need to take medication.
Oral diabetes medications -- diabetes pills -- help control blood sugar levels in people whose bodies still produce some insulin (the majority of people with type 2 diabetes).
If you have diabetes, you likely have a care team that includes a primary care doctor, dietitian, diabetes educator, eye doctor, foot doctor, dentist, and possibly an exercise trainer.
Insulin
When used as a medication, it is derived from either pork (porcine), beef (no longer available in the U.S.), or is genetically made to be identical to human insulin.
Inhaled insulin is another option that’s been considered. Although it’s possible to make inhaled insulin, there are no inhaled insulin drugs on the market.
For those with diabetes, an insulin shot delivers medicine into your subcutaneous tissue -- the tissue between your skin and muscle.
The symptoms of diabetic shock may seem mild at first. But they should not be ignored.
If you have type 2 diabetes and take insulin, you may want to ask your doctor about the insulin pump.
Treatment during pregnancy includes working closely with your health care team and:
- Careful meal planning to ensure adequate pregnancy nutrients without excess fat and calories
- Daily exercise
- Controlling pregnancy weight gain
- Taking diabetes insulin to control blood sugar levels if needed
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